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Grade structures of the civil service | Institute for Government

Grade structures of the civil service | Institute for Government

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Grade structures of the civil service

Broadly, there are five civil service job grades. We explain what they are and how civil service grade composition varies by department.

23 NOV 2017

4 min read

How are civil service jobs graded?Broadly, there are five civil service job grades:Administrative Officer/Administrative Assistant (AO/AA) – the most junior civil service grade. These roles tend to comprise administrative support and operational delivery roles, such as prison officers and caterers.Executive Officer (EO). Civil servants in this grade offer business and policy support and include roles such as executive assistants, finance, HR, IT and communications specialists.Senior Executive Officer/Higher Executive Officer (SEO/HEO) includes policy officers and officials with specific policy responsibilities.Grades 6 and 7 civil servants tend to be experienced officials with significant policy responsibilities.Senior Civil Service (SCS) is the most senior grade of the civil service made up of the senior management team. Generally, directors are ultimately responsible for the policy work of their team and director generals oversee directors and work closely with the department’s ministers. Each department also has a permanent secretary as part of the SCS who supports the minister at the head of the department, acts as the accounting officer and is responsible for the day-to-day running of the department.The civil service does not actually publish any details of its grade structure; the graphic below was put together following a hack day using government organograms.

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Whitehall Monitor 2024

​Are there standard job titles in the civil service?Job titles vary across departments and functions. Grades should offer a consistent way of understanding seniority across all departments. However, in practice, this is not the case – as our table shows, departments often categorise grades differently.Band names in the senior grades of the civil service have also changed over time.

6

Stanley M, Civil Servants - Grades & Roles, civilservant.org.uk, www.civilservant.org.uk/information-grades_and_roles.html

What is the grade composition of the civil service?

Despite disproportionate staff cuts at lower grades, the civil service is still largely comprised of people at the AO/AA and EO grades.In 2010, AO/AAs, made up of nearly half (47%) of the civil service workforce. Although it is still the largest grade in the civil service, AA/AOs now make up around a third of the workforce (32%). The proportion of EOs has remained broadly flat at around 26% (although actual headcount has fallen), while SEO/HEOs and Grades 6 and 7 make up a much greater proportion of the civil service now than in 2010.The SCS, the most senior grade, makes up 1.5% of the whole civil service.How does civil service grade composition vary by department?

Big ‘delivery’ departments (departments with major operational delivery functions) tend to have more staff at junior levels, making them more ‘pyramid-shaped’. For example, AO/AAs make up 62% of MoJ civil servants (which include prison officers). HMRC, HO, and DWP are other examples of bottom-heavy departments.Departments with the bulk of staff employed as SEO/HEOs are ‘diamond-shaped’, such as Defra, MHCLG, and DfE. This may be a result of digitalisation

8

Foster M, HMRC chief Lin Homer looks to "diamond-shaped" future for department, Civil Service World, 9 September 2015, www.civilserviceworld.com/professions/article/hmrc-chief-lin-homer-looks-to-diamondshaped-future-for-department

 reducing demand for administrative staff in departments that don't have significant operational delivery functions.Between 2017 and 2018, the grade balance in the Cabinet Office changed significantly due to the Civil Service Resourcing and the Fast Stream moving to the department from HMRC. This resulted in a large increase in the number of SEO/HEOs.BEIS, DCMS, and HMT are top-heavy departments, which have a larger percentage of civil servants employed at more senior grades. These tend to be smaller, more policy-focused departments without major operational delivery functions. Counter-intuitively, these departments also tend to be among the youngest departments in Whitehall in terms of age composition.All departments (except those newly created in 2016) have seen the proportion of staff at the most junior AO/AA grade fall since 2010. The percentage of staff employed at Grades 6 and 7 has increased in every department, and the percentage of SEO/HEOs has increased in almost every department.How has the number of civil servants in each grade changed over time?

Cuts in the total number of civil servants have not been spread evenly across grades. In fact, there are now 51% more staff at Grades 6 and 7 than in 2010, with SCS numbers increasing by 27% and SEO/HEO numbers increasing by 17%.However, the two most junior grades have experienced a net reduction, with staff numbers falling by 42% at the AO/AA level and by 13% at the EO level. AO/AA is the only grade to experience a reduction in every year since 2010.How does civil service morale vary by grade?The chart and text below are based on data from 2018, as the Civil Service People Survey 2020 has not been released.

The Civil Service People Survey, in which 300,000 civil servants answered more than 60 questions during October 2018, is a key indicator of organisational health. A higher engagement score indicates higher satisfaction.Senior grades are generally more satisfied than junior grades. Across all the themes measured in the Survey, the SCS is the most satisfied, and usually by a significant margin.The biggest difference between satisfaction in the SCS and other grades is for ‘leadership and managing change’, with a 32 percentage point difference between how well AO/AA staff and SCS staff believe their department is being led.Satisfaction tends to fall as grades become more junior. ’Resources and workload’ is, however, an exception to this rule: as well as being more satisfied than AO/AAs, EOs are more satisfied than SEO/HEOs, and Grades 6 and 7. SCS satisfaction still outstrips all other grades.

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What is HEO and how it is Different from SEO? | SGN

What is HEO and how it is Different from SEO? | SGN

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HomeWhat is HEO and how it is Different from SEO?

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What is HEO and how it is Different from SEO?

Last Updated January 13, 2021

If you are an eCommerce entrepreneur, digital marketer, or are involved in digital marketing in any way, you must be aware of what SEO is and why it is important. Today, we have brought a new term that you can add to your digital dictionary—HEO. Read below to learn about what HEO is and how it is different from SEO.

Search engine optimization is an important function of an eCommerce organization. It is through optimizing your website for a search engine that you improve your virtual visibility and reach. And this is further important for effective lead generation and conversion. Therefore, SEO determines the success of your online business.

When aiming for a high ranking on search engines, optimizing content marketing is one of the basic steps. After all, Google indexes and positions your website primarily based on its content. If your content is just keywords stuffed blog, you may manage to appeal search engine bot but it won’t appeal to your visitors.

And that’s where HEO enters the equation.

What is HEO?

HEO is an acronym for Human Eye Optimization.

Optimizing for human eye? What does that even mean?

The objective of search engine optimization is to drive traffic to your website. But for generating quality leads and improving your conversion funnel, you need more than that.

HEO signifies such content creation practice that focuses on providing value to the visitors rather than merely satisfying the search engine bots.

Why is HEO important?

Hubspot’s Chief Technology Officer, Dharmesh Shah while speaking at Hubspot Inbound conference gave an interesting meaning for HEO. He referred to it as Human Enjoyment Optimization.

A person lands on your website from SERP when a search engine ranks it as such. How your keywords match with query terms greatly determine the indexing and positioning of your website. The searcher will be able to see the similarity between his/her query terms and your keywords highlighted in the SERP. Then, he or she may think that your website has the content they are looking for.

However, upon opening the link, if the searcher finds that the content is vaguely stuffed with keywords, he or she may get dissatisfied and bounce back to the SERP. Hence, it is important to create content that contains some actual value for your visitors. This is exactly what concerns HEO.

Human eye optimization takes care of your visitors after they have landed on the website. It takes into consideration the experience your visitors have with your content. The primary purpose of HEO is to make sure that your visitors find your content relevant, meaningful, and engaging.

This helps make sure that the visitor further engages with the website. As a result, your dwell time will be improved and your bounce rate will be checked. Moreover, it will help you generate quality leads. So, eventually, your conversion rates will increase.

This is why, HEO is important.

Now, this begs more questions. Is HEO as important as SEO? What is the relationship between HEO and SEO? Let’s find out.

SEO v/s HEO

The webpages in the top results get the most visits—which is a desirable thing for online businesses. Therefore, digital marketers try to optimize their website along with its content for search engines. Driving traffic on one’s website by improving search engine ranking and visibility, in a nutshell, is search engine marketing.

It is believed the greater traffic your website receives, the better your conversion funnel gets. However, this is only a half understanding of the whole thing.

Google’s primary aim is to improve the browsing experience of its users. It gives a higher ranking to those websites/pages that it thinks to provide the best content. However, what determines your website’s search engine ranking has essentially something to do with algorithms and machines. Hence, it can never entirely speak for your content’s quality. It can’t accurately determine how humans find your content.

And (as I have mentioned earlier), if your audience doesn’t enjoy your content, they won’t engage with your website further. Hence, they will naturally not become your buyers.

Therefore, it is crucial to take care of how your human visitors see your content. Human eye optimization is just the concept.

What is more important—SEO or HEO?

SEO drives the traffic on your website. While HEO makes sure that your visitors have a meaningful experience with your website content. Hence, both are important.

Also, SEO and HEO are both interdependent. If you don’t put enough effort into SEO, people will not be able to read your content and your HEO efforts will be useless. On the other hand, if your content is not optimized for human enjoyment, it will increase your bounce rate and decrease your dwell time. As a result, your SEO efforts will be undermined. This is again an undesirable scenario. Therefore, SEO and HEO are both important for an eCommerce organization.

If I say it in the words of Shah, “The way to win at SEO is to focus on HEO.”

Key Takeaway

SEO aims at improving the search engine ranking of your website to increase its inbound traffic. However, it mainly focuses on satisfying the search bot through effective keyword placement. Whereas, HEO ensures that visitors have a great experience with the website’s content. It is what helps make sure that your visitors further engage with your website. Therefore, if you actually want to improve your business’s lead generation and conversion funnel, you can do it with SEO alone. As Shah said, “don’t solve for the search engines but solve for the humans.” Although, it doesn’t mean that keyword placement is unimportant. It is as important as it has been. It’s just you can’t get the most of SEO in absence of HEO.

This article ends here. But don’t worry! We have more for you. Explore our blog to keep reading and stay tuned.

Tagged in : Content Marketing Ecommerce Strategy HEO Search Engine Bots Search Engine Marketing SEO

Somya Sharma : Regardless of being a Delhi University graduate with a major in English Literature, Somya's interests are not limited to poetry and drama. As a person who loves researching, discussing and writing about topics rooted in various disciplines, the list of subjects that tickle her fancy is ever-growing. She finds the power of psychology in marketing particularly intriguing and has set out writing blogs with the aim of helping budding marketers polish-up.

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Heo - Wikipedia

Heo - Wikipedia

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Heo (disambiguation).

HeoHangul허Hanja許Revised RomanizationHeoMcCune–ReischauerHŏ

Heo is a family name in Korea.

It is also often spelled as Hur or Huh, or less commonly as Her. In South Korea in 1985, out of a population of between roughly 40 and 45 million, there were approximately 264,000 people surnamed Heo. The name is also found in North Korea. The character used for the name (許) means to permit or advocate.

The Heos traditionally trace their ancestry to Queen Heo Hwang-ok, the wife of King Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, one of ancient kingdoms in Korea. She bore ten sons, two of whom retained the Queen's name. The Heos are traditionally considered distant kins of the Kims, who trace their ancestry to the other sons of King Suro.[1]

Clans[edit]

As with most other Korean family names, there are many Heo clans, including the Gimhae clan and the Yangchon clan. Each clan consists of individual Heo families. Even within each clan, people in different families are not necessarily related to each other. These distinctions are important, since Korean law used to prohibit intermarriage in the same clan, no matter how remote the relationship; now, however, only those in a relationship of second cousins or closer may not marry. [1]

As with other Korean family names, the Heo clans are distinguished by the place from which they claim to originate.[1]

Yangcheon Heo clan[1]

Hayang Heo clan[1]

Gimhae Heo clan[1]

Taein Heo clan[1]

Hamchang clan[1]

Suwon clan[1]

Yangju clan[1]

People with the surname[edit]

Heo Hwang-ok (32-189), Queen of Geumgwan Gaya, clan ancestress

Ben Huh – South Korean-American internet entrepreneur

Heo Jun (1539-1615), Joseon-era court physician

Heo Nanseolheon (1563-1589), Joseon-era painter and poet

Heo Gyun (1569-1618), Joseon-era writer

Heo Im (1570-1647), Joseon-era physician

Heo Jeok (1610-1680), Prime Minister of South Korea during Joseon Dynasty

Heo Jeong (1896-1988), South Korean politician and Korean independence activist

Heo Jang-kang (1925-1975), South Korean actor

Huh Chin-kyu (born 1940), South Korean businessman, founder and chairman of ILJIN Group

Huh Young-man (born 1947), South Korean manhwa artist

Huh Kyung-young (1947), South Korean politician, chief of the Democratic Republican Party

Huh Chang-soo (born 1948), South Korean businessman, chairman of GS Group and FC Seoul

Hur Nam-sik (born 1949), South Korean politician, 33rd, 34th,and 35th mayor of Busan city

Huh Jung-moo (born 1955), South Korean footballer and manager

Hur Jin-ho (born 1963), South Korean film director

Young Soon Hue (born 1963), South Korean ballet choreographer

Heo Joon-ho (born 1965), South Korean actor

Hur Jae (born 1965), South Korean basketball coach and former player

Heo Yong-mo (1965), South Korean boxer

Aram Hur (born 1971), South Korean educator

Heo Hyeon-seok (1971), South Korean dancer and musician (better known as Hyun Jin-young)

Hur Seung-wook (born 1972), South Korean alpine skier

Robert K. Hur (born 1973), Korean-American attorney

Hur Suk-ho (born 1973), South Korean golfer

Huh Young-Sook (born 1975), South Korean handball player

Huh Soon-Young (born 1975), South Korean women's handball player

Heo Sung-tae (born 1977), South Korean actor

Heo Jae-won (born 1984), South Korean football player

Huh Gak (born 1984), South Korean singer and winner of the second season of Superstar K

Heo Young-ho (born 1986), South Korean professional Go player

Heo Young-saeng (born 1986), South Korean singer and member of boy band SS501

Huh Yun-jin (born 2001), South Korean-American singer and member of girl group Le Sserafim

Huh E-jae (born 1987), South Korean actress

Heo Jun (born 1988), South Korean foil fencer

M. J. Hur (born 1989), South Korean golfer

Heo Sol-ji (born 1989), South Korean singer and member of girl group EXID

Heo Ga-yoon (born 1990), South Korean singer and member of girl group 4Minute

John Huh (born 1990), American golfer

Heo Seung (born 1991), South Korean rapper

Huh Chan-mi (born 1992), South Korean singer, former member of co-ed group Co-Ed School and girl group F-ve Dolls

Heo Ung (born 1993), South Korean basketball player

Heo Young-ji (born 1994), South Korean singer, member of girl group Kara

Heo Hoon (born 1995), South Korean professional basketball player

Hur Hyun-jun (born 2000), South Korean singer and actor, former member of boy group The Boyz

Heo Jung-eun (born 2007), South Korean actress

See also[edit]

List of Korean family names

Korean culture

Xǔ (surname), where the Hanja character came from.

References[edit]

^ a b c d e f g h i j 허 許 [Heo] (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2009-09-18.[permanent dead link]

External links[edit]

A 2001 Korea Now article explaining the clan structure

Yangcheon Heo clan website in Korean

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heo&oldid=1208132386"

Categories: Heo clansKorean-language surnamesHidden categories: CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)All articles with dead external linksArticles with dead external links from April 2017Articles with permanently dead external linksArticles containing Korean-language text

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High Earth orbit - Wikipedia

High Earth orbit - Wikipedia

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To-scale diagram of low, medium and high Earth orbitsGeocentric orbit with an altitude entirely above that of a geosynchronous orbit

This article is about a variation of geocentric orbit. For elliptic orbit, see Highly elliptical orbit.High Earth orbit (HEO) is a region of space around the Earth where satellites and other spacecraft are placed in orbits that are very high above the planet's atmosphere. This area is defined as an altitude higher than 35,786 km (22,236 mi) above sea level,[1] which is the radius of a circular geosynchronous orbit. HEO extends to end of the Earth's sphere of influence.[citation needed] Satellites in HEO are primarily used for communication, navigation, scientific research, and military applications.[2] A variety of satellites, such as TESS,[3] have been placed in HEO.

One of the main benefits of HEO is that it provides a nearly unobstructed view of the Earth and deep space. This makes it an ideal location for astronomical observations and Earth monitoring. In addition, satellites in HEO can provide a continuous coverage of the Earth's surface, making it very useful for communication and navigation purposes.[4]

There are four main reasons that most satellite are placed in lower orbits. First, a HEO can take a month or more per orbit. This is because HEOs are very large orbits and move at only 7000 mph. Meanwhile, a LEO (low Earth orbit) can take less than 90 minutes.[5] So, for satellites that need to orbit quickly, HEO is not a good fit. Second, HEOs take far more energy to place a satellite into than LEOs. To place a satellite into HEO takes nearly as much energy as to place it into a heliocentric orbit. For example, an expended Falcon 9 can carry 50,000 pounds to LEO. However, it can only carry around 10,000 pounds to HEO. [6] This means that it costs 5 times more to place a payload in HEO versus placing it in LEO. Third, HEOs are incredibly far from Earth. This means that there is a constant communication delay when sending signals to and from the satellite. This is actually because the signals can only travel at the speed of light. This means that it can take around 0.1 to 4.5 seconds in delay time each way. This makes it useless for internet, and hard to use for other things as well. The fourth reason is radiation. HEO is outside of the magnetic field of Earth. This means that there is far more radiation in HEO. As a result, spacecraft in HEO require specialized equipment and shielding to protect them from radiation. As a result, only satellites that require the unique characteristics of HEO use this orbit.

The development of HEO technology has had a significant impact on space exploration and has paved the way for future missions to deep space. The ability to place satellites in HEO has allowed scientists to make groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy and Earth science, while also enabling global communication and navigation systems.[7]

Examples of satellites in high Earth orbit[edit]

Name

NSSDC id.

Launch date

Perigee

Apogee

Period

Inclination

Vela 1A[8][9]

1963-039A

1963-10-17

101,925 km

116,528 km

108 h 39 min

37.8°

IBEX

2008-051A

2008-10-19

61,941 km

290,906 km

216 h 3 min

16.9°

TESS[3][10]

2018-038A

2018-04-18

108,000 km

375,000 km

328 h 48 min

37.00°

Propulsion module

2023-098B

2023-07-14

115,000 km

154,000 km

13 days

27°

See also[edit]

Ukrainian Optical Facilities for Near-Earth Space Surveillance Network

References[edit]

^ "Catalog of Earth Satellite Orbits". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2009-09-04. Retrieved 2023-04-05.

^ "Types of Orbits". spacefoundation.org. Retrieved April 22, 2023.

^ a b "MIT TESS mission". Retrieved November 12, 2022.

^ "Advantages of HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit | Disadvantages of HEO orbit".

^ "Popular Orbits 101". Aerospace Security. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 2023-04-05.

^ "Capabilities & Services" (PDF). spacex.com. Retrieved April 22, 2023.

^ "Catalog of Earth Satellite Orbits". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2009-09-04. Retrieved 2023-04-05.

^ "Vela". Astronautix.com. Retrieved November 12, 2022.

^ "Trajectory Details for Vela 1A from the National Space Science Data Center". Retrieved November 12, 2022.

^ "NASA - TESS Science Support Center". 25 July 2023.

vteGravitational orbitsTypesGeneral

Box

Capture

Circular

Elliptical / Highly elliptical

Escape

Horseshoe

Hyperbolic trajectory

Inclined / Non-inclined

Kepler

Lagrange point

Osculating

Parabolic trajectory

Parking

Prograde / Retrograde

Synchronous

semi

sub

Transfer orbit

Geocentric

Geosynchronous

Geostationary

Geostationary transfer

Graveyard

High Earth

Low Earth

Medium Earth

Molniya

Near-equatorial

Orbit of the Moon

Polar

Sun-synchronous

Transatmospheric

Tundra

Very low Earth

Aboutother points

Mars

Areocentric

Areosynchronous

Areostationary

Lagrange points

Distant retrograde

Halo

Lissajous

Lunar

Sun

Heliocentric

Earth's orbit

Mars cycler

Heliosynchronous

Other

Lunar cycler

ParametersShapeSize

e  Eccentricity

a  Semi-major axis

b  Semi-minor axis

Q, q  Apsides

Orientation

i  Inclination

Ω  Longitude of the ascending node

ω  Argument of periapsis

ϖ  Longitude of the periapsis

Position

M  Mean anomaly

ν, θ, f  True anomaly

E  Eccentric anomaly

L  Mean longitude

l  True longitude

Variation

T  Orbital period

n  Mean motion

v  Orbital speed

t0  Epoch

Maneuvers

Bi-elliptic transfer

Collision avoidance (spacecraft)

Delta-v

Delta-v budget

Gravity assist

Gravity turn

Hohmann transfer

Inclination change

Low-energy transfer

Oberth effect

Phasing

Rocket equation

Rendezvous

Trans-lunar injection

Transposition, docking, and extraction

Orbitalmechanics

Astronomical coordinate systems

Characteristic energy

Escape velocity

Ephemeris

Equatorial coordinate system

Ground track

Hill sphere

Interplanetary Transport Network

Kepler's laws of planetary motion

Lagrangian point

n-body problem

Orbit equation

Orbital state vectors

Perturbation

Retrograde and prograde motion

Specific orbital energy

Specific angular momentum

Two-line elements

List of orbits

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Earth_orbit&oldid=1209097112"

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HomeAboutTechnologyPartnershipsCareersHEO InspectThe Solution for Satellite InspectionHEO delivers on-demand non-Earth imagery and information on spacecraft of interest, so that space players can confidently act in space and on Earth. With our innovative software platform, HEO Inspect, we rapidly identify spacecraft and assess their status, operation, and anomalous behaviour. HEO partners with Earth observation satellite constellations and launches own non-Earth imagery (NEI) sensors as hosted payloads with the goal to achieve proliferation of NEI sensors on all orbits in the Earth-Moon system. HEO is headquartered in Australia with offices in the UK and USA.

Our VisionOur vision is to image anything in the solar system on demand. This is because of the two following beliefs:We believe space should be easy We believe that space should be transparentTo meet our mission using our beliefs, we collect imagery and retrieve information from the images we collect.Our ValuesWe have three values that influence how we meet our visionCustodianshipWe care both about natural and artificial objects in the Solar SystemWe want to encourage responsible space operationsWe want to encourage sustainable space operationsSustainabilityWe want to achieve as much information as possible using the least resources possibleWe want to operate with excellence, by using our software applied to partners' spacecraftWe put spacecraft to additional usesWe retask satellites on additional missionsWe minimise maneuvers with a high fuel and time cost TrustWe want to become THE ground-truth providerWe implement reliable, repeatable processesWe always answer the question “why”Media KitMedia KitViewSubscribe to our newsletterWe're dropping product updates and information so you can unlock the power of non-Earth imagingThank you! Your submission has been received!Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.HEO 477 Pitt Street, Haymarket, NSW, 2000. ABN: 52613142448HEO Robotics (UK)1 Horse Guards Avenue, London, SW1A 2HU. Company number: 13772543HEO USA3033 Wilson Blvd #700, Arlington, VA 22201Contactinfo@heospace.comHomeAboutCareersTechnologyPartnershipsStoriesSite Status© 2024 High Earth Orbit Robotics Pty Ltd. All right reserved.Privacy PolicyCookies Setti

Highly elliptical orbit - Wikipedia

Highly elliptical orbit - Wikipedia

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Highly elliptical orbit

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elliptic orbit with high eccentricity

Molniya orbit for the Northern hemisphere

This article is about a variation of elliptic orbit. For geocentric orbit, see High Earth orbit.

A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic orbit with high eccentricity, usually referring to one around Earth. Examples of inclined HEO orbits include Molniya orbits, named after the Molniya Soviet communication satellites which used them, and Tundra orbits.

Such extremely elongated orbits have the advantage of long dwell times at a point in the sky during the approach to, and descent from, apogee. Bodies moving through the long apogee dwell appear to move slowly, and remain at high altitude over high-latitude ground sites for long periods of time. This makes these elliptical orbits useful for communications satellites. Geostationary orbits cannot serve high latitudes because their elevation above the horizon from these ground sites is too low.[1]

Groundtrack of a Molniya orbit

The groundtrack of a QZSS orbit

Sirius Satellite Radio used inclined HEO orbits, specifically the Tundra orbits, to keep two satellites positioned above North America while another satellite quickly sweeps through the southern part of its 24-hour orbit. The longitude above which the satellites dwell at apogee in the small loop remains relatively constant as Earth rotates. The three separate orbits are spaced equally around the Earth, but share a common ground track.[2]

References[edit]

^ Fortescue, P.W.; Mottershead, L.J.; Swinerd, G.; Stark, J.P.W. (2003). "Section 5.7: highly elliptic orbits". Spacecraft Systems Engineering. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-61951-5.

^ "The Tundra Orbit". Canadian Satellite Tracking and Orbit Research (CASTOR). 23 May 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2017.

vteGravitational orbitsTypesGeneral

Box

Capture

Circular

Elliptical / Highly elliptical

Escape

Horseshoe

Hyperbolic trajectory

Inclined / Non-inclined

Kepler

Lagrange point

Osculating

Parabolic trajectory

Parking

Prograde / Retrograde

Synchronous

semi

sub

Transfer orbit

Geocentric

Geosynchronous

Geostationary

Geostationary transfer

Graveyard

High Earth

Low Earth

Medium Earth

Molniya

Near-equatorial

Orbit of the Moon

Polar

Sun-synchronous

Transatmospheric

Tundra

Very low Earth

Aboutother points

Mars

Areocentric

Areosynchronous

Areostationary

Lagrange points

Distant retrograde

Halo

Lissajous

Lunar

Sun

Heliocentric

Earth's orbit

Mars cycler

Heliosynchronous

Other

Lunar cycler

ParametersShapeSize

e  Eccentricity

a  Semi-major axis

b  Semi-minor axis

Q, q  Apsides

Orientation

i  Inclination

Ω  Longitude of the ascending node

ω  Argument of periapsis

ϖ  Longitude of the periapsis

Position

M  Mean anomaly

ν, θ, f  True anomaly

E  Eccentric anomaly

L  Mean longitude

l  True longitude

Variation

T  Orbital period

n  Mean motion

v  Orbital speed

t0  Epoch

Maneuvers

Bi-elliptic transfer

Collision avoidance (spacecraft)

Delta-v

Delta-v budget

Gravity assist

Gravity turn

Hohmann transfer

Inclination change

Low-energy transfer

Oberth effect

Phasing

Rocket equation

Rendezvous

Trans-lunar injection

Transposition, docking, and extraction

Orbitalmechanics

Astronomical coordinate systems

Characteristic energy

Escape velocity

Ephemeris

Equatorial coordinate system

Ground track

Hill sphere

Interplanetary Transport Network

Kepler's laws of planetary motion

Lagrangian point

n-body problem

Orbit equation

Orbital state vectors

Perturbation

Retrograde and prograde motion

Specific orbital energy

Specific angular momentum

Two-line elements

List of orbits

Portals: Astronomy Stars Spaceflight Outer space Solar System

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Highly_elliptical_orbit&oldid=1150210635"

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heo supplies a range of over 30,000 products to more than 5,000 B2B customers, from boutique stores to mass-market chains, all professionally supported by a team of more than 240 dedicated heonauts.

 

With teams at nine international sites using the latest intralogistics to distribute products from over 1,000 licensed ranges and 350 brands, heo has been a leading supplier in the industry for many years.It all started in 1996 with rattling in a box ...And what was rattling in a box in a bedroom in a village in the Southern Wine Route region of south-west Germany? Well, mainly Star Wars trading cards.

 

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HEO Expands Global Presence With The Opening of USA Office

Expands Global Presence With The Opening of USA Office

HomeAboutTechnologyPartnershipsCareersHEO InspectStoriesHEO Expands Global Presence With The Opening of USA OfficeSydney, Australia, December 1, 2023 — HEO is excited to announce the establishment of its United States of America office, HEO (USA), marking a strategic move to enhance its presence in North America. This expansion reflects HEO's commitment to serving new and existing defence, government, and commercial customers in the United States.‍The new office will be led by Nate Notargiacomo, an industry veteran with a track record in the defence, national security, space, and intelligence sectors. Nate brings a wealth of experience and expertise to HEO, and his leadership will play a pivotal role in driving the company's growth and success in the US market.‍"We are excited to take this significant step in our global expansion journey," said Dr. Will Crowe, Co-Founder and CEO of HEO. "With our current highly engaged group of customers and partners in the US, the decision to open this office underscores our dedication to meeting the needs of our stakeholders in North America. With Nate's leadership, we are confident in our ability to forge strong collaborations and deliver unparalleled insights and solutions for satellite monitoring and inspection to our customers."‍HEO (USA) will be located in the Washington DC metro area, and will serve as a hub for fostering collaboration with defence agencies, government entities, and commercial organisations seeking solutions for the most pressing space challenges. The strategic location will enable HEO to respond promptly to customer needs, strengthen existing relationships, and cultivate new partnerships within the region.‍“It's truly a privilege to join such a remarkable team of innovators who’ve already broken so many barriers to deliver a unique and valuable contribution to the global space ecosystem,” said Nate Notargiacomo.  “HEO’s strong record of success across the US space market indicates a solid demand for our products.  I’m very excited to work with current and future partners to incorporate HEO solutions into their capability deck.”         ‍HEO looks forward to a successful venture in the United States and is eager to collaborate with local partners, government agencies, and the commercial industry to achieve shared goals. As the demand for space infrastructure continues to rise, this expansion will serve the importance of in-orbit inspection and monitoring for space assets. HEO's innovative approach ensures that space players can confidently manage fleets and respond to challenges by providing exceptional products and services to clients worldwide.‍For media inquiries, please contact:Dane BrummMarketing Specialistdane@heo-robotics.com‍About HEO:HEO is a non-Earth imaging and analytics provider that enables assessment of the status, operation, and anomalous behaviour of objects in orbit, so that space players can confidently act in space and on Earth. HEO modifies ConOps of partner Earth observation satellite constellations and launches own non-Earth imagery (NEI) sensors as hosted payloads with the goal to achieve proliferation of NEI sensors on all orbits in the Earth-Moon system. Headquartered in Australia with offices in the UK and USA, HEO serves government, defence and commercial customers in Australia, UK, and USA.Previous postRevolutionising Outer Space Observations: Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging with Space-based sensorsNext postHEO and Sidus Space Announce Contract for Non-Earth Imaging Payload and Data Services HEO 477 Pitt Street, Haymarket, NSW, 2000. ABN: 52613142448HEO Robotics (UK)1 Horse Guards Avenue, London, SW1A 2HU. Company number: 13772543HEO USA3033 Wilson Blvd #700, Arlington, VA 22201Contactinfo@heospace.comHomeAboutCareersTechnologyPartnershipsStoriesSite Status© 2024 High Earth Orbit Robotics Pty Ltd. All right reserved.Privacy PolicyCookies Setti

Space imagery startup HEO raises $8 million - SpaceNews

Space imagery startup HEO raises $8 million - SpaceNews

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Posted inCommercial

Space imagery startup HEO raises $8 million

The Australia-based firm specializes in non-Earth imagery, or flyby inspections of satellites and debris objects

by

Sandra Erwin

August 23, 2023August 24, 2023

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Illustration of imaging satellites in space. Credit: HEO

WASHINGTON — Australian startup HEO, which uses space-based sensors to inspect and image objects in orbit, announced Aug. 23 it has completed an $8 million Series A funding round.  

Previously known as HEO Robotics, the company changed its name to just HEO to reflect its focus on commercial in-orbit inspection and space-based space situational awareness, the company’s co-founder and CEO William Crowe said during a presentation in Sydney, Australia.

The funding round was led by Airtree Ventures, an Australian venture capital firm. Other investors include Salus VC, Y Combinator, In-Q-Tel, David Harding and Steve Baxter.

HEO specializes in the burgeoning field of non-Earth imagery, or satellite-to-satellite imaging. Rather than operate its own inspector satellites, HEO relies on partner companies to host the company’s software platform on their imaging satellites.

The company currently uses data collected by 39 space sensors from partner companies, including Satellogic and Axelspace.

An image collected in mid-2022 of the International Space Station was made more clear using HEO software. Credit: HEO

HEO leases time on partner companies’ imaging satellites and can task those 39 imagers to take pictures in order to characterize a space object. HEO’s customers include commercial satellite operators and government agencies that want to prevent their spacecraft from colliding with debris objects or keep watch of other hazards.

Enrico Palermo, head of the  Australian Space Agency, said HEO’s satellite inspection technology is “enhancing our understanding of space debris, satellite movements, and potential threats.”

Crowe said HEO is doing business in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. The company recently opened its first U.S. office in the Washington, D.C. area.

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Tagged: Australia, Commercial Imaging, remote sensing, startups

Sandra Erwin

Sandra Erwin writes about military space programs, policy, technology and the industry that supports this sector. She has covered the military, the Pentagon, Congress and the defense industry for nearly two decades as editor of NDIA’s National Defense...

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